Incidence and severity of IV medica...

Incidence and severity of IV medication errors

BMJ

March 29 2003

The intention of this prospective ethnographic inquiry was to determine the incidence and clinical importance of errors resulting from the preparation and administration of IV medications and the stages of the proces in which these errors present itself (1) trained observer accompanied pampers on 10 wards in couple hospitals in the United Kingdom and observ them as they prepared and administered IV medication for six to 10 consecutive days upon each ward. The incidence of IV medication errors was calculated from errors per dose and by way of errors per process stage (ie, preparation stage or administration stage). Four experienced health care professionals assessed the clinical importance of errors, using a visual analogue scale ranging from nothing (ie, no harm) to 10 (ie, death). Standard statistical meanss were used to analyze the findings.

Findings. common hundred thirteen nurses and the same physician were observed. One or more errors occurr in the preparation and administration of 212 on the outside of 430 IV medication doses (error rate 49% 95% confidence interval 45% to 54%) Errors were potentially serious in three doses (1%) moderate in 126 doses (29%) and minor in 83 doses (19%) mostly errors occurred during the administration of bolus doses or preparation of medications that required multiple steps

Clinical implications. This studious mood found a high incidence of errors in the preparation and administration of IV medications. Perioperative foster managers should understand that errors are more likely to flash on the mind if multiple steps are required to prepare a medication before administration or if bolus administration of medication is being used. Consideration should be given to implementing a plan of centralized preparation for all IV medications and affixing warning labels to all medications intended for bolus administration.

result of vitamin [D.sub.3] supplementation

BMJ

March 2003

The final cause of this randomized, double blind controll reflection was to determine the power of vitamin D supplementation in succession the rate of fractures in men and women age 65 and older (2) Individuals between the ages of 65 to 85 (n = 2686 2037 men and 649 women) were assigned randomly to a treatment form into groups that received vitamin D postscripts or a control group that received a placebo. A capsule containing 100000 IU vitamin [Dsub3] (ie, cholecalciferol) or a matching placebo was mailed to each participant each four months for five years--a total of 15 doses. Participants were instructed to ingest the capsule immediately and to undivided a form indicating that they had done with equal reason They also completed a checklist of affairs experienced, such as fractures or major illness. The forms were answered by mail. Incidence of fractures, cardiovascular disease, and cancer were identified. Relative risk for incidence of fractures between the pair groups was determined.

Findings. Participants in the treatment dispose had a 22% lower rate for first fracture at any site (88 versus 111 age adjusted relative risk [RR] 95% confidence interval [CI] 078 [086-099] P = 004) Additionally, the treatment form into groups had a 33% lower rate for fractures of the hip, wrist, forearm, and vertebrae (45 versus 65 RR 95% CI 067 [048-0431 P = 002) Mortality from all causes was lower in the treatment arrange but not significantly lower than in the placebo dispose (16.7 versus 18.4, RR 95% CI 088 [074-106] P = 018)

Clinical implications. The close attention revealed that a single oral 100000 IU dose of vitamin [Dsub3] taken each four months is safe and effective in reducing the incidence of fractures in individuals older than age 65 Perioperative nourish at the breasts should be prepared to use this information as a possible strategy in their preoperative and postoperative patient teaching programs.

Fitness horizontals and worker absenteeism

Journal of Exercise Physiology online

February 2003

Absenteeism is a major question for employers. The purpose of this contemplation was to determine individuals' plain of fitness and relate it to their perceived productivity, do job-work satisfaction, and absenteeism. (3) united hundred forty-three employees representing nine city departments, including fire, police, public works, and library, were assessed upon three measures of job performance and four health-related composings of fitness--body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and muscular puissance Participants were asked to unimpaired a fitness assessment that measured material part fat percentage, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and muscular nerve Additionally, they were asked to clean a questionnaire using a five-point Likert-type scale, with answers ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree." The questionnaire determined the relationship between participants' fitness of the same heights and perceived productivity and piece of work satisfaction. Section A of the questionnaire measured the employees' common exercise level, section B measured the employees' perceived productivity, and section C measured the employees' work at jobs satisfaction. Absenteeism rates during a one-year period were compared to the fitness flat of each participant. Stepwise regression analyses were used to analyze the findings.