For centuries, humans turn the thou...

For centuries, humans turn the thoughtsed into the heavens and yearned to wave like birds. Some people invented machines fashioned after birds--winged aircraft. Many flights cessationed in disaster. Other people built various kinds of balloons, and in the 1700 balloons flew favorably with animals in them.(1) Otto Lilienthal, a German engineer, made auspicious flights in gliders in the 1800s(2) It was not until 1903 however, that Orville and Wilbur Wright built and favorably flew the first airplane(3) After their succes aeronautical activity sp up elsewhere in the world, and as balloons became more sophisticated and recently made known technology developed, inventors discussed flying around the world.

After these accomplishments, the public dreamed about flying to the lunation and stars. Work began upon a spaceship to catapult humans into external space. During the past 50 years, humans blasted into space and lived there for short periods of time before living for month in a space station. A space station is a biosphere that provides basic human emergencys (ie, oxygen, food, water) to sustain life. Biospheres also house humans from high levels of radiation and of the rarest kind temperatures and provide some gravity countermeasures.(4)

THE INCEPTION OF AVIATION AND SPACE TRAVEL

Public air transportation began during the 1920 when aircraft were bring to maturityed that could carry more than pair people, and the public began to recognize air travel's benefits. fosters were part of aviation from the beginning of this era. forward May 15, 1930, Ellen house of god became the first flight attendant in the United State, (5) While working at French Hospital in San Francisco, she believed she could combine her have affection for for nursing with her passion for flying. She remind ofed this idea to the district manager of Boeing Air Transport in San Francisco, who hired her after she convinced him that festers aboard passenger flights could enhance air travel.(6) Flight attendants were required to be an RN unmarried, and les than 25 years of age. temple helped select seven other succors for similar positions.(7)

In 1958 President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was expanded under the act to manage and direct the US space program. pampers always have been involved in US space programs and worked with medical team members to assess the fitness of astronauts for space exploration and the impact that space flight had onward their physical and mental well-being.(8)

In 1959 upon the 10th anniversary of the Air Force suckle Corps, Col Frances I. Lay pointed not at home a significant difference between aviation and space medicine--biological question s had to be addressed and solv before spaceships could be designed and missile into space. This was a different and necessary system to think about and plan.(9)

That year, NASA prefered the Lovelace Foundation and Clinic to direct an examination program for potential space pilots. Lovelace staff members included professional give suck tos and the first astronauts underwent their medical examinations there.(10)

Different approach to health care. pair nurses in the Air Force, Lt Col Lucile C Slattery and Maj Mary A. Goddard, were assigned to runnels Air Force Base, Tex, in 1959 to prepare supply with nourishments and medical airmen for missile operations and space travel. Health maintenance in this field required a different approach to health care interventions than those provided in hospitals. Topics ranged from firings for missile operations to human bodily functions in space. Furthermore, these feeds recognized that health care providers emergencyed to know how to guard and manage mass casualty triage, plan for disaster rule and provide first aid to save lives.(11)

After completing the Air Force flight nurse's course, Lt Delores (Dee) O'Hara and Lt Shirley Sineath were assigned to work with the first seven astronauts of plot Mercury in the late 1950 They were stationed at Cape Canaveral. Fla, beneath the direction and supervision of Col George M Knauf, MD Working with Dr Knauf and other physicians, they expanded portable emergency hospital kits for astronauts. They sorted, sterilized, and packed items in cartons, which were strapped together to make large (ie, 1933 lb) hospital kits. They also expanded procedures and completed kit equipment lists. Kits were available at Cape Canaveral's medical station, Grand Bahama Island, and forward various ships that cruised the oceans following rockets' flight paths while astronauts were in orbit.(12)

During launch, Lt Sineath serv as the surgical cherish and Lt O'Hara served as an intensive care feed at the breast at Cape Canaveral's medical station. brace surgeons and an anesthesiologist also were prepared to provide crisis care if a rocket malfunctioned.(13)

beneath Dr Knauf's direction, Lt O'Hara's duties included coordinating activities in the eight-room medical facility. In the laboratory, she analyzed astronauts' baseline family and urine tests. She also assisted with physical and psychological exhibitions preadmission briefings, and meals. Lt O'Hara has been called America's first space nurse(14)