Latex is a natural elastic yield f...

Latex is a natural elastic yield from the milky sap of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis. The tree is native to southern America but is widely cultivated from one extremity to the other of the tropics. It produces a milky juice, which is the major source of commercial rubber.(1) The tree are tapped for latex according to cutting spiral grooves in the bark and inserting a nose with a cup for collection of the latex. Ammonia is added to help liquefaction and prevent spoilage. on placing the latex into a centrifuge, a concentrated crops is obtained. Latex is made heat stable and elastic at vulcanization (ie, heating in the vicinity of sulfur). Other chemicals (eg accelerators, antioxidants) are added for impregnability stretch, and durability.(2)

LATEX ALLERGY

The proteins not past nor future in natural rubber latex works are thought to be the cause of latex sensitivity and allergic reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity was first reported in 1979 with simply sporadic cases until 1990. In the late 1980 there were 450 incidents of anaphylactic reactions from the latex blow used on barium enema catheters that be deriveded in 15 deaths. These reactions caused the US viands and Drug Administration (FDA) to issue an turn of events Alert in 1990, which l to a recall of latex-containing barium enema catheters that year.(3)

The allergic answer Latex contains hundreds of proteins, natural rubber harvests and enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of robber atoms Protein fractions in latex are responsible for anaphylaxis, a reaction that can lead to death. Allergic reactions involve the immune body During an allergic reaction, an antigen interacts with antibodies and occasions a massive release of histamine at a local or whole visible form [i]or[/i] frame level.(4) In latex reactions, the latex protein is the antigen.

signs of reactions. Types of reactions to latex results includes dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and immediate hypersensitivity resulting in anaphylaxis. Dermatitis is a chemical irritation, however, and is not a faithful allergic response. For most affected commonalty the skin is irritated, parched and crusty, and symptoms unravel when the contact with latex stops.

Contact dermatitis, or delayed hypersensitivity, arises between six and 48 hours after contact with an allergen. The affected area becomes thirsty crusty, and leathery, with eruptions of sores and blisters. Repeated latex exposing causes the dermatitis to lengthen out beyond areas of latex contact. Many the public with delayed hypersensitivity have a history of atopy. This is an inherited proneness toward certain allergies, characterized by way of symptoms such as hay heat hives, or asthma, which are produc in succession exposure to an exciting antigen.

The greatest in number severe allergic response is immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reaction. This is an allergic replication mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) for latex antibodies originate in the circulation. On the skin, this can ready as hives that migrate beyond the point of contact with latex. Systemic allergic symptoms include itching, watery organ of visions swelling of the lips or tongue, shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, tachycardia, hypotension, assault and, potentially, death.(5)

Latex rubber has been set up to contain more than 240 different polypeptides. Nearly 60 of these point out to reactivity specific with latex IgE. These polypeptides also can be plant in various plants and fruits, which is pondering to be why latex allergic individuals have cross-sensitivity to a foods. The most common and prevalent of these cross-reactions are to bananas, avocados, kiwis, and chestnuts.(6) Papaya, mango, melon potato, tomato, carrot, and celery also are documented as having the potential to cause moderate reactions, and passionfruit, apricot, fig, peach, pear, cherry, pineapple, and hazelnut are responsible for grave intensity reactions in latex-sensitive individuals.(7)

During a latex-associated anaphylaxis cogitation conducted from October 1988 by means of September 1992 for the FDA, researchers explored the prevalence of reactions, number of injuries, and deaths that occurr During this period more than 1100 cases of latex anaphylaxis were voluntarily reported. The principally frequently reported reactions were becoming to the use of latex examination glove and barium enema catheters.(8)

Natural rubber is derived from latex and should be distinguished from synthetic rubber, which is derived from petrochemicals. Synthetic rubber does not contain allergy-inciting plant proteins, if it be not that it is virtually identical to natural rubber and its physical properties.(9) When managing latex-allergic patients, nonlatex glove made of synthetic rubber, must be substituted for latex-containing glove There are several glove available that, according to the manufacturers, do not contain latex. a of the materials used include neoprene styrene butadiene, and polyvinylchloride. The FDA imposes the same quality direct standards on all gloves, regardless of manufacturing material.(10)

Latex ways of exposure. Latex protein sensitivity is increasing not sole among certain high-risk groups, on the other hand also within the general population. commonalty especially at risk for developing latex allergy are patients with repeated medical front and those who are occupationally exposed