Fewer US teenagers are smoking mari...

Fewer US teenagers are smoking marijuana, continuing a three-year trend; however, an increasing number are using ecstasy, according to a Nov 27 2000 stranges release from the Partnership for a DrugFree America (PDFA). Although the decrease in marijuana use is positive and the usage numbers of ecstasy are lower than those of marijuana, the increase demands attention.

The PDFA overlooked 7,290 teenagers throughout the United States. be deriveds show overall drug use was stable between 1999 and 2000 and down significantly from 1997 The purport of the study was to monitor turns in drug use and important drug-related attitudes that drive unsalable article use.

Trial use of marijuana has decreased 10% since 1997 In 1997 44% of teenagers reported trying marijuana at least one time compared to 40% in 2000 During the same time period, past-year marijuana use decreased from 36% to 33% most numerous significantly, regular use or past-month use declined 13% in this three-year period.

Teenagers' attitudes and perceptions regarding marijuana are following a positive inclination with more teenagers rejecting the medicine Teenagers believe the drug will make them dreary boring, or act stupidly or foolishly. Fewer diocese marijuana use around them, and fewer believe chiefly people will use the medicine The trial use of ecstasy, however, increased significantly during the past year (ie, from 7% to 10%) and has doubled since 1995 when and nothing else 5% of teenagers reported aye using the drug.

Ecstasy is a synthetic stimulant usually taken orally in pill form. Other names for the medicine include "X," "E," and "the be enamoured of drug." The drug has fresheted the US market from the Netherlands in modern years, according to the release. Ecstasy is known as a form a club drug and is part of the dance unite in a club and all-night "rave" scene. Trial use of the unsalable article is on par with teenage trial use of cocaine, crack, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) More US teenagers have experimented with ecstasy than with heroin.

According to the release, significant increases have been seen in teenage use of methamphetamines and inhalants. Use of cocaine, crack, heroin, and LSD has remained stable, and use of other illicit unsalable articles remains at or near decade high levels

In 1979 US teenage medicine use peaked. It declined steadily over the 1980s and began to climb again from 1991 to 1992 This tend continued until 1997. Since then there has been a moderate steady decline. Between 1999 and 2000 usage rates stabilized.

Teen Continuing to incline differently Away From Marijuana, But Small, Increasing Number Take to Ecstasy (new release, of the present day York: Partnership for a Drug-Free America) 1-2 Available from http://www.drugfreeamerica.org/research/pats20002. asp. Accessed 11 Dec 2000

Examination

TREATING BENIGN COLON DISORDERS USING LAPAROSCOPIC COLECTOMY

1 The small intestine comprises the duodenum jejunum and ileum.

a. true

b false

2 The large intestine comprises

a. the cecum ascending colon descending colon sigmoid colon and anus.

b the transverse colon rectum and anus.

c the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

d the cecum; the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon; and rectum and anus.

3 The large intestine begins at the

a. cardiac sphincter.

b ileocecal valve.

c the cecum

d the colon

4 The cecum attaches to the -- and reach outs approximately two and one-half inches below it.

a. ileum

b appendix

c jejunum

d colon

5 In an adult, the cecum usually is adherent to the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity and has a serosal covering onward its posterior wall only.

a. true

b false

6 The cecum forms a blind bag from which the -- projects

a. rectum

b appendix

c jejunum

d colon

7 The colon is divided into -- parts

a. two

b three

c four

d five

8 What part of the colon enlarges from the ileocecal valve to the hepatic flexure?

a. ascending

b descending

c transverse

d sigmoid

9 What part of the colon is approximately 20 inches prolonged and begins at the hepatic rate of incurvation and ends at the splenic flexure?

a. ascending

b descending

c transverse

d sigmoid

10 What part of the colon prolongs downward from the splenic winding to the area just below the iliac top and is approximately seven inches long?

a. ascending

b descending

c transverse

d sigmoid

11 What portion of the colon passes through the whole extent of the pelvic rim into the pelvic cavity and lies partly in the abdomen and partly in the pelvis?

a. ascending

b descending

c transverse

d sigmoid

12 The wall of the colon is made up of taeniae coli, epiploic appendices, and haustra.

a. true

b false

13 What give an account ofs the incomplete, longitudinal, axial muscle layer of the colon that is distributed around its circumference?

a. taeniae coli

b epiploic appendices

c haustra

14 What are fatty appendages along the bowel that have no particular function?

a. taeniae coli

b epiploic appendices

c haustra

15 What are sacculations that are the outpouchings of the bowel wall between the longitudinal, axial strips of muscle?